![]() ![]() Notably, a rebase changes the sequence of the existing target branch commits, which isn't the case for the other merge strategies. As with the fast-forward merge, a rebase doesn't create a merge commit. If any source branch change conflicts with any target branch change, then Git will prompt you to resolve the merge conflict. Another way to view it is that a rebase replays the changes in your target branch on top of the source branch history. In the preceding diagram, commit C is the last common commit in both branches. Git rebase resequences the commit history of the target branch so that it contains all source branch commits, followed by all target branch commits since the last common commit. In your branch's commit history, a merge commit is a useful marker for a merge operation, and clearly shows which branches were merged. The source and target branch tips (K and E) are the parents of the merge commit. The merge commit (L) contains the integrated source branch and target branch changes. The applicable changes are those made after the last commit that's common to both branches. For example, Git will apply a fast-forward merge on a local branch that you only update by pulling from its remote counterpart branch.Ī no-fast-forward merge generates a new target branch "merge commit" that integrates source branch changes with target branch changes. By default, Git uses a fast-forward merge whenever possible. Otherwise, the default merge type will be a no-fast-forward merge.Ī fast-forward merge can never have a merge conflict because Git won't apply a fast-forward merge if the tip of the target branch has diverged from the source branch. These merge types are shown in the following diagram.įor Git merge, if the tip of the target branch exists within the source branch, the default merge type will be a fast-forward merge. The no-fast-forward merge is also known as a three-way merge or true merge. Git merge performs either a fast-forward or a no-fast-forward merge. ![]() (2) Commit the resolution just as you would commit any other change with the " git commit" command.Git merge or rebase integrates commits from a source branch into your current local branch (target branch). When you've successfully solved all conflicts, you need to do two more things: We've compiled a list of merge tools in our free ebook. Especially in complex situations with multiple conflicts in the same file, a good tool can be of tremendous value. Note that there are lots of dedicated "Merge Tool" applications that help you with this process. git checkout -ours path/to/conflict-file.css (b) Alternatively, you can tell Git that you'll simply go with one of the edited versions, called "ours" or "theirs". When you're done, the file needs to look exactly as you want it to look. (a) You can simply open the file in an editor, search for the conflict markers (see above image) and make any necessary modifications. Your job now is to condition the file to its desired state. This helps you understand which edits were made - and even on which branches. ![]() In the concerned file, Git simply marks the areas that were edited in contradictory ways: It helps to realize that a conflict is nothing magical. In that case, Git has no way of knowing what's correct - you'll have to look at the changes and decide how you want the file to finally look. The most common situation when it cannot do this is when the exact same lines were edited in that file. Most modifications don't fall into this category: if two people just work on the same file, Git can most likely figure things out on its own. (3) Understand When & Why a Conflict HappensĬonflicts occur when the same file was changed in contradictory ways. No changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") All of the items in this category are in a conflict state and need to be dealt with: $ git status When calling "git status", you'll see a special Unmerged paths category. This makes it almost impossible to severely screw things up. With a simple " git merge -abort", you can always undo the merge and start over again. Above all, you need to realize that you cannot break anything: Git always allows you to go back to the state before the conflict occurred.
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